Senin, 21 Juli 2014
Drug For Our Bodies
The dangers of drugs to our bodies
Clinical studies of the drug showed that patients with clinical manifestations of patients taking narcotics primarily by inhaling and injecting narcotics is a fever in about 75% to 100% of cases, accompanied exhausted in 30% of cases. Obtained weight loss drugs are decreased in about 10-15% of cases. Shortness of breath occurs in about 10% of the cases studied.
Physical examination of patients found strong narcotic pneumonia accompanied by enlargement of the spleen, heart disease, liver damage or kidney damage, At one stage, the patient came in a state of shock due to overdose or organ damage mentioned above .. The symptoms are very similar to the symptoms of strep lung (Broncho pneumonia), tuberculosis, heart failure, rheumatic fever, or the spread of germs in the blood. The final phase for drug users who use injection drugs are exposed to HIV / AIDS must be aware of when we have to come twice treated patients with similar symptoms accompanied by signs of drug use.
Treatment of patients with pneumonia should be accompanied with narcotic dependence treatment against narkotiknya. There were no significant difficulties in treating disorders suffered rays. In order to treat dependency narkotiknya, I immediately contacted the wife and her parents and communicate in order to refer the patient to one of the drug treatment in Jakarta.
From the study, several individual factors such as curiosity and want to try, can not act firmly against bid friend, a lack of confidence, unrealistic perception as well as various other reasons can cause a person to wear a narcotic. In addition, environmental factors such as substance addiction easily obtained over the last 5 years, communication -isteri parents - children who are ineffective and not harmonious, peer pressure / group and various other environmental factors, making it try to use narcotics. Therefore, all parents should be wary if there is a change in his attitude or the frequent occurrence of the disease in children.
Case-case like Toni apparently continue to grow in Indonesia every day, even if society continues to promote the deterrence of drug and have no law - Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances Act to deal with it so that the condition is now properly called a national disaster. Indonesia's economic condition is tough and easy to earn money through the illicit trade has blinded most mem- bers community groups and a handful of rogue officers / officials so that they do not care about the mental destruction of Indonesian society. The experts estimate that opium users in Indonesia is 100 times more than patients detected coming on-site service / hospital / caught by the police. May we all be aware of the dangers of drug use for our society.
Release Yourself from the Effects of Drugs
PROBLEM narcotics, psychotropic drugs, and other addictive substances (drugs) is not the monopoly of a single country. Almost in every country, both developed and developing countries, have such problems. A wide variety of methods are used by the respective state governments to "crack down" drug of their ground, but there is no single country that has managed to beat the record of the great enemy.
Australia, as a developed country that is located not too far from the Golden Triangle region did not escape from the problem. Even Australia was facing the problem of dependence on tobacco and alcohol. The impact, very unusual and makes the Australian Government stunned.
Based on recent calculations estimated in 1998, approximately 22,500 people will die as a direct or indirect result of the use of dangerous drugs. Approximately 17,500 Australians are hospitalized due to circumstances caused by the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs (Australian Bureau of Intelligence, 1999).
In the late 1990s it is almost certain that one in five deaths in Australia associated with drug use (Ministerial Council on Drug Strategy, 1998).
In the 1960s in Australia began a change in the pattern of drug use, ie the number of illegal narcotics supply and the increasing number of young people taking drugs. At the time that drug use began synonymous with youth.
The fact is very surprising Australian society, and in the early 1970s they began to admit, they have a drug problem. Moreover, the reality shows, the increasing number of illegal drug use causes increase in criminal cases, and declining health standards.
Increased attention and public awareness about the issue, urged the Australian Government to protect the public and tackling drug problems. Costs for increased law enforcement efforts in number, and more severe penalties for the supplier and the user enters into force.
Indeed, previous prevention efforts tend to be focused on providing a warning to the public about the dangers of drug use. Shock and fear tactics used in Australian media, to make young people have a fear of the drug. But the campaign did not produce satisfactory results.
Young people continue to experiment with drugs and drug usage statistics continue to climb. Prevention of anti-drug campaigns and school education programs do not work to change the behavior of drug use in young people, and prevent their problems related to drugs.
ALTHOUGH there has been a policy of prevention, supplier of market mechanisms and demand of illegal drugs is still increasing, especially among young people. Crime increases with increasing number of drug users and the availability of illegal drugs. Prohibition for a decade of action aimed at wiping out the drug business, rising drug prices, and the prevention of further drug use, it does not bring results in Australia. With bertam-bahnya number of young people who are victims of drug use, the public and governments are increasingly aware of the need for a more integrated policy approach to tackling the drug problem.
Although the prevention of drug use through education in schools in Australia had begun in the 1970s, new in the mid-1980s was the prevention effort started correctly. Since the availability of Commonwealth funding for basic prevention strategies and education about drugs, programs in schools to increase both the quality and Australia have embarked on an anti-drug prevention campaigns are very good.
In 1985, Australia radically change the direction of policy on the drug, became joint policies minimize the danger. Apparatus requires effort minimize the danger of health, education, courts, and law enforcement to work together at the national level and the state level.
The main objective of the partnership was to minimize the harmful effects of drug use in Australian society. Minimize the danger of business is a combination of supply reduction (law enforcement) and demand reduction (education), to reduce the impact of drug use on the health, social, and economic and community to the wearer.
Since the mid 1980s, the National Campaign Against Drug Abuse is involved in a national effort to minimize the harmful result of pamakaian drug in Australia. The campaign was involved in the development and implementation of various strategies to reduce the desire, the demand and need for drugs.
With the help of the Drug Offensive, the Commonwealth, in collaboration with state / territory, community organizations, drug and alcohol agencies, and officials Educational Links jointly develop a campaign for the community, public health and education programs in schools.
SINCE this campaign, officially Australia uses three approaches to tackling the problem of drug use. The first reduction of supply (supply reduction), reduction in demand (demand reduction), and harm reduction (harm reduction). The first and second program has been carried out for years, but did not produce satisfactory results. Australia finally decided to also do a third program, namely the reduction of the danger, and the results are very satisfactory.
For the reduction of supply, Australia tighten access restrictions to obtain drugs. For example, to get the drug legally, apply age restrictions, restrictions on the use of, and restrictions on the place of purchase. As for illegal drugs, Australia also do annihilation drug production, farmers who planted drugs dragged into court, and do crop substitution programs.
Substitution of this plant is a campaign that farmers would replace his drug crops with other crops such as coffee and cocoa. The program is less desirable because of the money farmers dida-
pat of drug plants is much greater than the replacement plants. While the program is still accompanied by the prevention and repression of acts committed by the law.
Across the states and territories, Australia did demand reduction programs. The program is run in the path of education, in community health centers, and rehabilitation of the drug dependency. On drug prevention education programs, Australia has realized that the way to frighten not effective for the users. The information disseminated in various forms about the dangers of drugs are also less effective. While the approach with peers, felt-right does not solve the problem.
Harm reduction programs aim to limit or reduce the dangers of drug use. Ba-danger-danger arising among other health problems, social costs, and economic costs. The principle of harm reduction programs are short-term pragmatic goals. This program will involve drug users hierarchy to run the risk.
Hierarchy of risk means, first invite drug users not to use drugs again. Secondly, if they could not, so had to use drugs, do not use injection drugs. Third, if forced to use a syringe, always use new, sterile needles and syringes for air or other injecting equipment.
Fourth, if no rum ja-new, sterile syringes or needles must be shared, always disinfect the syringe before each use.
There are several strategies for reducing the harm Australia. Among others, providing needle exchange programs, provide various types of treatment, outreach (outreach) pharmacotherapy, and programs to achieve the termination of drug use.
The results achieved from the 'marriage' three attempts this reduction was very amazing. In cities that run needle exchange programs showed HIV rates declined by 5.8 percent per year. While the cities are not doing needle exchange programs showed an increase in HIV was 5.9 percent per year.
In Sydney in the late 1980s has the number of HIV among injecting drug users (Injecting Drug Users / IDU) of 3-5 percent. After doing needle exchange programs, methadone programs, and outreach in the years 1987-1988, the rate of HIV among IDUs is less than 4 percent. Whereas in 1996 the figure was down to less than 3 percent.
Evaluation of needle exchange programs suggests, this program is able to save about 3,000 lives in 1991 alone. Only it costs 400 Australian dollars for each lives saved. But this is nothing compared to the cost of cost-saving of 300 million Australian dollars per year for HIV.
From this evaluation also showed that needle exchange programs do not lead to an increase in the number of IDUs and drug use.
